The Influence of Field Hockey on Indigenous Communities in Odisha
The game of hockey, introduced to the tribal communities of Odisha by the British army and Christian missionaries, has had a profound impact. Its roots in the region date back to the 1860s, with the game being introduced through English schools, army barracks, seminaries, and churches. Over the years, hockey has become an integral part of the tribal identity in Odisha, leading to social and political empowerment. This article explores the significant role of hockey in altering the indigenous tribal identity and the positive changes it has brought to the region.
Historical Development of Tribal Hockey Tournaments
In the early days, hockey matches took place in Kesramal of Sundargarh, where priests and tribal converts engaged in friendly matches after Sunday prayers. The tribal players gained recognition for their natural speed, agility, and stamina, leading to the development of the Khasi Cup, an intra-village tribal hockey tournament. The tournament continues to this day, and has been pivotal in promoting the sport and fostering a sense of community among the tribal hamlets. Notably, while the Khasi Tournament has been a significant part of male tribal culture, there has been a lack of similar tournaments for females, highlighting an area for potential growth and inclusivity.
Government Initiatives and Sporting Talent
Following India’s independence, the Sports Authority of India initiated programs to scout sporting talents from the grassroots level, leading to the identification of tribal players from remote rural Sundergarh for professional training. The establishment of the State Sports Hostel, Panposh, and the SAIL Hockey Academy, Rourkela, further bolstered the development of hockey in the region. Additionally, the Odisha government’s welfare schemes for athletes and the hosting of prestigious events such as the Hockey World Cup have significantly contributed to the growth of hockey in Odisha. As a result, many tribal athletes from Odisha have made their mark in the Indian hockey teams, reflecting the positive impact of these initiatives.
Social and Political Empowerment
The involvement of tribal athletes in hockey has brought about significant social and political changes in their communities. With employment provisions and reservations for athletes in government posts, there has been a notable shift in the tribal identity from traditional occupations to a more middle-class identity. Moreover, post-retirement, many hockey players have ventured into politics, contributing to tribal empowerment and outreach programs. Notable figures such as Dilip Tirkey, a former Indian hockey defender and Olympian, have used their influence to work towards increasing the National Sports Development Fund and organizing tournaments to support budding talents. Similarly, athletes like Salima Tete have represented Indian athletes internationally, promoting awareness about rights, welfare, and advocacy, thus positively impacting the lives of tribal athletes from Sundergarh.
Government Support and Sports Culture
The Odisha government has played a crucial role in promoting hockey and fostering a spirited sports culture in the state. By organizing prestigious events such as the Hockey World Cup and the FIH Men’s Series Finals, the government has put Odisha on the global sports map. Additionally, the development of the Birsa Munda International Hockey Stadium and the promotion of hockey as part of natural tourism have further reinforced Odisha’s status as the ‘Sports Capital of India.’ Notably, the government’s active involvement in promoting hockey has also had political implications, with hockey playing a central role in Naveen Patnaik’s political strategy and influencing the tribal discourse in Sundergarh, Odisha.
In conclusion, hockey has emerged as a catalyst for social change and empowerment among the indigenous tribal communities of Odisha. Through government support, grassroots initiatives, and the contributions of tribal athletes, the sport has not only altered the tribal identity but has also become a symbol of pride and unity in the region. As Odisha continues to strengthen its position as a sporting hub, the significance of hockey in the lives of tribal communities remains paramount.